Thymoquinone CAS 490-91-5

1. Thymoquinone CAS 490-91-5 is the primary bioactive constituent of *Nigella sativa* (black seed) oil and is extensively studied for its broad spectrum of pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, and antiviral activities .
2. Thymoquinone has been investigated in preclinical models and early-phase clinical trials for conditions such as type 2 diabetes, cancer, COVID-19, epilepsy, and chronic periodontitis, where it appears generally well-tolerated and may offer therapeutic benefits . Specific research highlights its radioprotective properties, demonstrated by its ability to normalize radiation-induced gene expression changes in animal models, suggesting potential as a protective agent against oxidative stress from ionizing radiation .
3. Thymoquinone is also employed in detailed biochemical studies, such as investigating its protective effects against glyco-nitro-oxidation of human fibrinogen, a process linked to diabetic vascular complications, where Thymoquinone helps prevent protein structural damage and aggregation .
4. Researchers and quality control laboratories utilize thymoquinone as an analytical standard for the identification and quantification of the compound in plant extracts and formulations using techniques like HPTLC and GC-MS .

1. Thymoquinone CAS 490-91-5 must be stored in a tightly sealed container in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated environment, protected from light and heat. Recommended storage conditions range from refrigerated temperatures (2-8°C) for short-term stability to room temperature (in a cool, dark place below 15°C) .
2. Thymoquinone is classified with GHS hazard statements including H302 (Harmful if swallowed), H315 (Causes skin irritation), H319 (Causes serious eye irritation), and H335 (May cause respiratory irritation). It is considered a moderate to severe irritant .
3. Personnel must wear chemical-resistant rubber gloves, chemical safety goggles, and protective clothing when handling thymoquinone, ensuring adequate ventilation in work areas (preferably a chemical fume hood). Handling should only be performed by personnel trained in handling potent active pharmaceutical ingredients .
4. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols, prevent contact with skin, eyes, and clothing, and wash thoroughly after handling. The compound is stable when stored as directed but should be kept away from incompatible materials such as strong oxidizing agents .

1. Isolate the spill area, ensure adequate ventilation, and wear full personal protective equipment including NIOSH/MSHA-approved respirator, chemical-resistant gloves, and safety goggles when thymoquinone CAS 490-91-5 is released .
2. Clean up spills immediately by sweeping or vacuuming without creating dust, using non-sparking tools. Collect the spilled product and place into suitable closed containers for disposal .
3. Avoid creating Thymoquinone dust clouds during cleanup to prevent respiratory exposure, and prevent the product from entering drains or water courses due to potential environmental hazards, as the substance may be harmful to aquatic life with long-lasting effects .
4. Dispose of collected material according to local, state, and federal environmental regulations. The substance is considered non-hazardous for transport but contains a potent active ingredient requiring proper waste management through licensed chemical destruction or controlled incineration.

1. Thymoquinone CAS 490-91-5 is combustible with a flash point of approximately 104-105°C (219°F) and boiling point of 230-232°C. Under fire conditions, thermal decomposition may produce toxic fumes including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen oxides .
2. Use water spray, dry chemical powder, carbon dioxide, or alcohol-resistant foam to extinguish fires involving the product, selecting appropriate extinguishing media based on surrounding environment .
3. Firefighters should Thymoquinone  wear self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH approved, and full protective gear when handling burning thymoquinone due to hazardous decomposition gases generated by thermal decomposition or combustion .
4. During combustion, may emit irritant and toxic fumes; move containers from the fire area if safe to do so, cool exposed containers with water spray, and contain fire runoff to prevent environmental contamination and pollution .